Indian Government Subsidies List, सरकार के अलग अलग Schemes क्या हैं? Subsidy कैसे और किसे मिलती हैं?
Indian Government Subsidies List: The term subsidy refers to financial assistance in the form of rebates or monetary grants by the central government to public institutions or private institutions. The objective is to make the products offered by these institutions affordable for public consumption. Transfer of money to public/private institutions induces them to sell products at lower prices. Subsidized products are essential to the wider public good and are a means of supporting the welfare of the community. The subsidy is provided by both the central and state governments and is a part of ‘non-plan’ expenditure. People receive subsidies in the form of cheap food products, tax exemptions, cash payments, etc.
In Hindi: सब्सिडी शब्द का तात्पर्य केंद्र सरकार द्वारा सार्वजनिक संस्थानों या निजी संस्थानों को छूट या मौद्रिक अनुदान के रूप में वित्तीय सहायता से है। इसका उद्देश्य इन संस्थानों द्वारा पेश किए जाने वाले उत्पादों को सार्वजनिक उपभोग के लिए सस्ता बनाना है। सार्वजनिक/निजी संस्थानों को धन का हस्तांतरण उन्हें कम कीमत पर उत्पाद बेचने के लिए प्रेरित करता है। सब्सिडी वाले उत्पाद व्यापक सार्वजनिक भलाई के लिए आवश्यक हैं और समुदाय के कल्याण का समर्थन करने का एक साधन हैं। सब्सिडी केंद्र और राज्य दोनों सरकारों द्वारा प्रदान की जाती है और यह ‘गैर-योजना’ व्यय का एक हिस्सा है। लोगों को सस्ते खाद्य उत्पाद, कर छूट, नकद भुगतान आदि के रूप में सब्सिडी मिलती है।
Different types of subsidies provided by the government in India
The main objective of the government in providing subsidies is to ensure that the population of the country is not deprived of essential commodities. The subsidized goods are within the reach of the public. There are different types of subsidies given by the government; some of them are:
- Food Subsidy
- Education grant
- Export/import Subsidy
- Housing Subsidy
- Oil and Fuel Subsidy
- Tax Subsidy
- Transport Subsidy
Food Subsidy
The main objective of food subsidies is to provide essential food items to a large section of the population living below the poverty line in India. Subsidized food products in our country are distributed through the PDS system. The major food items supplied to BPL households vary by region, but common food items include:
- Wheat
- Rice
- Sugar
- Milk
- Cooking Oil and more
Education Subsidy
The central government gives education subsidies to deserving students for pursuing higher technical and professional education.
केंद्र सरकार योग्य छात्रों को उच्च तकनीकी और व्यावसायिक शिक्षा प्राप्त करने के लिए शिक्षा सब्सिडी देती है।
Export Subsidy
To make exports attractive and to support companies, the government offers export subsidies. Export subsidies help our products to be competitive in the international market and open up new markets for domestic products.
निर्यात को आकर्षक बनाने और कंपनियों को समर्थन देने के लिए सरकार निर्यात सब्सिडी प्रदान करती है। निर्यात सब्सिडी हमारे उत्पादों को अंतरराष्ट्रीय बाजार में प्रतिस्पर्धी होने और घरेलू उत्पादों के लिए नए बाजार खोलने में मदद करती है।
Fertilizer Subsidy
The government provides relief to farmers by providing fertilizers at subsidized prices. Fertilizer is provided at a fixed MRP which is lower than the actual price; The government pays the difference between the actual quote and the MRP.
सरकार रियायती कीमतों पर उर्वरक उपलब्ध कराकर किसानों को राहत देती है। उर्वरक एक निश्चित एमआरपी पर प्रदान किया जाता है जो वास्तविक मूल्य से कम होता है; सरकार वास्तविक भाव और एमआरपी के बीच के अंतर का भुगतान करती है।
What are the different categories of subsidy in India?
On the basis of social and economic impact, subsidies can be broadly divided into two categories, these are:
| Economic Subsidy | Social Subsidy |
| Irrigation and Flood Control | Health Care |
| Transport | Education |
| Industry | Women empowerment |
| Communication | Sanitation |
| Power and Energy | Housing |
| Agriculture | Water supply |
How is the subsidy implemented?
There are various ways by which the government provides subsidies to people, depending on the recipient and the sector; Some methods are:
Cash Subsidy
A cash subsidy is a direct money transfer by the government into the account or company of the intended recipient. Agricultural exporters and LPG subsidies are examples of cash subsidies.
Tax Concession
Another type of subsidy is tax concessions given to a targeted sector. Through tax concessions, the tax liability of individuals or companies is reduced.
Interest Subvention
Reduced interest rates or waiver of interest payments is another form of subsidy given by the government to a targeted sector, to spur growth or support the sector in challenging times.
What are the different subsidy schemes launched by the government?
Some of the welfare schemes launched by the Central government are given below.
| Scheme | Description |
| Technology up-gradation fund scheme (TUFS) | To induct the latest technology for textile units. It is meant for the jute and textile industry. |
| Establishment/Modernization for the food processing industry | To set up, modernize, or upgrade food processing industries. It is applicable to all segments. |
| Integrated development of the leather sector (IDLS) | It is meant to upgrade leather-based industries for productivity gains. |
| Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme for Technology Upgradation (CLCSS) | It aims to upgrade technology in the MSME sector and make them competitive |
| Technology and Quality up-gradation for MSME (TEQUP) | It aims to make the MSME sector energy efficient and increase its competitiveness. |
| Government subsidy for small businesses for cold chain | Its aim is to integrate the cold chain and preservation facilities from the farms to the end consumers. |
| Extension of financial assistance for coir units in the brown fiber sector | It provides financial assistance to different coir units. |
| Marketing assistance scheme by NSIC | It is meant to provide assistance for marketing products at various exhibitions, trade fairs, promotional events, and buyer-seller meet. |
| ISO 9000/ISO14001 certification reimbursement scheme | Financial assistance to the MSME sector for marketing. Bar code registration is encouraged, and the registration fees are reimbursed. |
| Support for entrepreneurial and managerial development of SMEs | The funding requirement for innovative business ideas is met through the scheme. |
| Lean manufacturing competitiveness scheme for MSMEs | It aims to encourage the MSME sector to adopt lean manufacturing techniques. |
| Prime Minister Employment generation program (PMEGP) | Khadi and Village industries commission or KVIC implements the scheme, and State KVIC is also a partner. |
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What are the benefits of subsidy?
The government launches subsidy schemes for various purposes; Some benefits are:
- Reduce the prices of essential commodities and at the same time make available essential commodities to a large section of the population at low rates.
- The subsidy to the industries is to arrest the decline in the industrial sector due to several factors. It is an indirect way of supporting employment and manufacturing in the country.
- Subsidized education has long-term benefits for the country and society apart from providing skilled manpower to industries.
- Subsidies like MNREGA help in fighting unemployment and eradicating poverty in the country.
- A subsidy is a type of incentive given by the government to individuals or industries respectively to make them more competitive or to lead a dignified life. It is provided by way of grants, cash, tax exemptions, etc. and society gets wide-ranging benefits.
- आवश्यक वस्तुओं की कीमतें कम करें और साथ ही कम दरों पर आबादी के एक बड़े हिस्से को आवश्यक वस्तुएं उपलब्ध कराएं।
- उद्योगों को सब्सिडी कई कारकों के कारण औद्योगिक क्षेत्र में गिरावट को रोकने के लिए है। यह देश में रोजगार और विनिर्माण का समर्थन करने का एक अप्रत्यक्ष तरीका है।
- रियायती शिक्षा उद्योगों को कुशल जनशक्ति प्रदान करने के अलावा देश और समाज के लिए दीर्घकालिक लाभ प्रदान करती है।
- मनरेगा जैसी सब्सिडी बेरोजगारी से लड़ने और देश में गरीबी उन्मूलन में मदद करती है।
- सब्सिडी एक प्रकार का प्रोत्साहन है जो सरकार द्वारा व्यक्तियों या उद्योगों को क्रमशः उन्हें अधिक प्रतिस्पर्धी बनाने या सम्मानित जीवन जीने के लिए दिया जाता है। यह अनुदान, नकद, कर छूट आदि के माध्यम से प्रदान किया जाता है और समाज को व्यापक लाभ मिलते हैं।
FAQs on Indian Government Subsidies List
How much subsidy does RBI have?
Do you know how many subsidiaries of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) are there? RBI has five wholly owned subsidiaries: DICGC, BRBNMPL, ReBIT, IFTAS, and RBIH.
Which country gives the maximum subsidy?
The highest national average support equivalent rates are offered in Norway, Switzerland, and Iceland, with subsidies averaging around 65–75 percent of the value of production, across all major commodities, and in Japan and Korea, with support rates of 60–100 percent. Huh. 65 percent
Who is eligible for a subsidy?
Also, you must be married or cohabiting or single with financial dependents. You must be over 18 years of age. You must not have previously owned a certain residential property.
Is subsidy taxable income?
As per the said section, any assistance by way of a grant of subsidy or cash incentive shall be included in the taxable income of the assessee, except for subsidy, which is specified for determining the cost of an asset.
How much does India spend on subsidies?
The expenditure of Rs 532,446.79 crore on subsidy in 2022-23 will be the second highest after Rs 706,006.53 crore in 2020-21. However, there is a difference between the two years.
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